The Spy Chronicles Raw ISI and The Illusion of Peace

1947 - Partition of India

The British partition of India, leading to the separation of Pakistan and India.

1962 - India-China and India-Pakistan Wars

The wars between India and China, and India and Pakistan, led to the establishment of India's Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) from the Intelligence Bureau (IB).

1965 - India-Pakistan Wars

The India-Pakistan wars are described as 'honorable wars' where civilians were not targeted.

1968 - Establishment of RAW

The Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) of India was established.

1970 - Pakistan Elections

Elections are held in Pakistan; Yahya Khan expects a hung parliament, but the Awami League and Pakistan People's Party win.

1971

The ISI failed to predict the attack on East Pakistan during the 1971 war.

1973

1977: Zulfikar Ali Bhutto became the Prime Minister of Pakistan.

1975

Sheikh Abdullah makes peace with Indira Gandhi.

1979

The Soviet Union invades Afghanistan; the ISI becomes involved in the Afghan jihad and increases its influence.

1980

Asif Durrani is appointed as a military attaché in West Germany.

Early 1980s

Terrorism begins in Punjab, India, and later spreads to Kashmir.

1984

India occupies the Siachen Glacier.

1984

1989: Rajiv Gandhi becomes Prime Minister of India.

1988

Benazir Bhutto's government comes to power; General Hamid Gul oversees elections with incorrect predictions about Punjab and Sindh results.

1988

A coup attempt in the Maldives is thwarted.

November 1988

Rajiv Gandhi travels to Islamabad for the SAARC summit.

July 1989

Rajiv Gandhi travels to Pakistan again.

Late 1980s

Interaction between Sikh and Kashmiri militants is observed.

1989

1990: The Kashmir uprising begins.

December 1989

The kidnapping of Mufti Sayeed's daughter becomes a turning point in Kashmir.

1990

Asif Durrani is appointed as the head of Military Intelligence (MI).

August 1990

Asif Durrani became the Director General of the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI).

1991

General Durrani meets Gary Shankar Bajpai, head of RAW, in Singapore.

1992

Ekta Yatra was organized in Kashmir (attended by Narendra Modi).

1993

The All Parties Hurriyat Conference was formed.

1995

President Farooq Leghari visits India; it is decided that Hurriyat leaders can meet with the Pakistani High Commissioner in Delhi.

1996

Benazir Bhutto's government falls.

Late 1997

Asif Durrani publishes an article titled "Who is Afraid of the Indiana Wolf?" arguing that the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is not dangerous for Pakistan.

1998

India conducts nuclear tests in Pokhran (May 11 and 13). Pakistan conducts nuclear tests (May 28 and 30). An emergency hotline is established to prevent misunderstandings.

February 1998

Vajpayee travels to Lahore by bus.

1999 - Kargil War

The Kargil War broke out between India and Pakistan.

October 1999 - Military Coup

Musharraf is dismissed by Nawaz Sharif, leading to a military coup.

December 1999 - IC-814 Hijacking

The IC-814 airplane was hijacked.

2001

Attack on the Indian Parliament.

2001

September 11 attacks in the United States; the US asks Pakistan to cooperate in the 'War on Terror'.

2002

State elections are held in Jammu and Kashmir.

2002

Operation Parakram by India (troop deployment at the border).

2003

Ceasefire between India and Pakistan.

April 2003

Vajpayee offers to negotiate with Pakistan.

February 2004

Asif Durrani attends the Pugwash Conference in Delhi.

2004

Pakistan sends the army to South Waziristan, leading to the formation of Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP).

2004

The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) loses the elections.

2004

2005: General Pervez Musharraf meets US President George W. Bush to negotiate financial aid in exchange for anti-terrorism cooperation.

Late 2000s to 2010:

2005

Musharraf proposes a four-point formula for resolving Kashmir.

2005

Asif Durrani and Ajit Doval meet for the first time in Oman.

2006

Indian Foreign Minister travels to Islamabad to sign the 'landmark agreement' including the launch of the Kashmir bus service.

2007

Lal Masjid attack in Islamabad.

2008

26/11 Mumbai attacks.

2011

Asif Durrani presents a paper on intelligence cooperation at the Pugwash Conference in Berlin.

May 2011

Osama bin Laden is killed in Abbottabad, Pakistan.

January 2013

Two Indian soldiers are beheaded at the Kashmir border.

2013

A paper on Kashmir is published at the University of Ottawa.

2014

Narendra Modi becomes Prime Minister of India; Nawaz Sharif is invited to the inauguration.

December 2014

State elections are held in Jammu and Kashmir.

June 2015

Modi criticizes Pakistan for supporting terrorism in Dhaka.

December 2015

Modi visits Lahore on his way back from Russia to attend Nawaz Sharif's granddaughter's wedding.

March 2016

Kulbhushan Jadhav is arrested in Balochistan, Pakistan (espionage charges).

July 2016

Burhan Wani, a commander of Hizbul Mujahideen, is killed, leading to months of unrest in Kashmir.

September 2016

Uri attack on Indian Army camp; India announces a 'surgical strike'.

September 2016

Ajit Doval meets former Pakistani High Commissioners and issues warnings.

2016

Talks between Asif Durrani and E. S. Dulat with Aditya Sinha begin in Istanbul, Bangkok, and Kathmandu.

July 2017

India and Pakistan publicly accuse each other at the UN General Assembly.

October 2017

E. S. Dulat and General Ehsan ul Haq speak at the London School of Economics.

December 2017

Siege of Islamabad by religious right (ongoing during the talks).

2018 and Beyond:

2018

The book "Chronicle of Espionage" is published.

August 2018 (Projected)

Elections are held in Pakistan.